Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: On-Board Monitoring of SO 2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

doi: 10.3390/s21134468

Figure Lengend Snippet: The photoacoustic detection principle of gases. Gas molecules absorb light at a specific wavelength, which excites the molecules to a higher energetic state. This results in a temperature increase and a consequent gas volume expansion, which is equivalent to a pressure change. A periodic modulation of the light source leads to a modulation frequency-dependent pressure change, which is equivalent to sound waves that can be detected by a microphone.

Article Snippet: Gasera offers a non-resonant photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (GaseraOne) that is claimed to be suitable for monitoring ship emissions [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: On-Board Monitoring of SO 2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

doi: 10.3390/s21134468

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ray-tracing simulation results with ZEMAX conducted at the entrance of the resonator (see simulation detector position in right schematic image). The focused beam diameter is clearly smaller than the buffer diameter (12 mm) and reaches a minimum diameter of around 2.8 mm before entering the photoacoustic resonator.

Article Snippet: Gasera offers a non-resonant photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (GaseraOne) that is claimed to be suitable for monitoring ship emissions [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: On-Board Monitoring of SO 2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

doi: 10.3390/s21134468

Figure Lengend Snippet: Setup of the developed resonant photoacoustic gas sensor. The upper part of the figure shows the sensor components in a schematic drawing. The sensor consists of the resonant photoacoustic cell with the MEMS microphone at the center of the resonator. The gas inlet and outlet are placed at the buffer volumes. The temperature of the high-power ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) is controlled via a thermoelectric cooler and a thermistor. The light beam is focused by optical lenses, which increases the sensitivity of the sensor system. An additional photodiode monitors the LED performance. The lower part of the figure is a photo of the corresponding developed sensor system .

Article Snippet: Gasera offers a non-resonant photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (GaseraOne) that is claimed to be suitable for monitoring ship emissions [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: On-Board Monitoring of SO 2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

doi: 10.3390/s21134468

Figure Lengend Snippet: The container ship PRIAMOS with the approximate location of the installed and newly developed photoacoustic SO 2 sensor.

Article Snippet: Gasera offers a non-resonant photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (GaseraOne) that is claimed to be suitable for monitoring ship emissions [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: On-Board Monitoring of SO 2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

doi: 10.3390/s21134468

Figure Lengend Snippet: The internal components of the switch cabinet that were installed on the container ship PRIAMOS: (1) The developed photoacoustic SO 2 sensor system. (2) The MicroGASS gas sampling system (Perma Pure, LCC) dries and cools the gas sample down. (3) Gas inlet and outlet tubes of the measured gas from and to the switch cabinet, which pass through the temperature-controlled pipe.

Article Snippet: Gasera offers a non-resonant photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (GaseraOne) that is claimed to be suitable for monitoring ship emissions [ ].

Techniques: Sampling

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: On-Board Monitoring of SO 2 Ship Emissions Using Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Detection in the UV Range

doi: 10.3390/s21134468

Figure Lengend Snippet: Measured raw data during container ship navigation. The upper diagram shows two different analysis methodologies of the measured data (red and black curve) by the developed SO 2 sensor and the corresponding SO 2 concentration in ppm after compensating the influence of CO 2 on the detected signal (dark blue curve). The red curve in the upper diagram represents the data calculated through the instantaneous fitting process (via analysis electronics) of the measured data set, while the black diagram (with black crosses) corresponds to the subsequent manual analysis of the gathered data. The lower diagram shows the measured data by the IMR 7500 reference gas analyzer, which includes CO 2 , O 2 , SO 2 concentrations and the measured velocity (kn ~ 0.514 m/s) of the container ship. At about sweep number 85 the engine is turned off, which results in the increase in the O 2 concentration and a simultaneous reduction of the CO 2 concentration. Subsequently, the measured SO 2 concentration dependent microphone signal of the newly developed photoacoustic gas sensor reaches—with a delay at sweep number 90 caused by the additional gas volume of the tube connections—the lowest values.

Article Snippet: Gasera offers a non-resonant photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer (GaseraOne) that is claimed to be suitable for monitoring ship emissions [ ].

Techniques: Concentration Assay